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Plastic Recycling January 24, 2025 06:40:49 PM

New Catalyst Technology Converts Plastic Waste Into Valuable Fuels

Paul Ploumis
ScrapMonster Author
Ru/zeolite-Y catalysts showcased a 96.9% conversion rate for polyolefins.
New Catalyst Technology Converts Plastic Waste Into Valuable Fuels

SEATTLE (Scrap Monster): Water plays a crucial role in boosting the conversion of polyolefins into valuable fuels when paired with ruthenium catalysts, presenting a promising approach to addressing global plastic waste.

Plastics are incredibly versatile materials that have become integral to nearly every aspect of modern life. However, with global plastic production now exceeding 400 million tons annually, the environmental impact of plastic waste has reached critical levels. The majority of plastic waste—nearly 90%—is not recycled, amplifying the pollution crisis. To address this growing challenge, innovative technologies are urgently needed.

Catalytic recycling techniques, such as hydrogenolysis and hydrocracking, offer a promising solution. These advanced chemical processes use catalysts to break down plastic waste into simpler, high-value components like chemicals and fuels. Unlike traditional recycling, which involves melting and remolding plastics into lower-quality products, catalytic recycling enables more efficient and sustainable reuse by creating materials with greater economic and environmental value.

While catalytic recycling shows significant potential, further development and refinement are necessary before it can be implemented on a large industrial scale.

A Breakthrough in Polyolefin Recycling

In a recent study published in Nature Communications, a research team led by Professor Insoo Ro of Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Korea, recently made a breakthrough discovery in the catalytic recycling of polyolefins, which comprise 55% of global plastic waste. As explained in their article, the researchers revealed the surprising benefits of adding water during polyolefin depolymerization when using ruthenium (Ru)-based catalysts.

 After synthesizing and experimenting on various Ru-based catalysts on different supports, the team found that catalysts with both metal and acid sites exhibit dramatically improved conversion rates when water is added to the reaction mixture. “The addition of water alters the reaction mechanisms, promoting pathways that enhance catalytic activity while suppressing coke formation,” explains Dr. Ro, “This dual role improves process efficiency, extends catalyst lifespan, and reduces operational costs.”

The researchers investigated the reaction mechanisms in detail, shedding light on the effect of Ru content and the proximity and balance between metal and acid sites. Under optimal conditions, Ru/zeolite-Y catalysts showcased a 96.9% conversion rate for polyolefins.

A Viable Alternative to Conventional Waste Management

Finally, to explore the viability of this type of catalytic recycling, the team conducted a techno-economic analysis and a life cycle assessment of the proposed approach. The results clearly underscored the potential of implementing a real commercial-scale process using Ru/zeolite-Y catalyst.

“The addition of water not only enhances carbon efficiency, it improves economic and environmental performance, also increases the conversion of polyolefins to valuable fuels like gasoline and diesel,” highlights Dr. Ro. Adding further, he says, “This approach thus represents a viable alternative to conventional waste management practices and offers a solution to reduce landfill and ocean pollution caused by polyolefins—the largest contributor to plastic waste.”

 Overall, this breakthrough in catalytic depolymerization could revolutionize how we deal with plastic pollution and help us efficiently deal with this serious environmental threat. The research team has high hopes that this technology will evolve over the next few years to the point that mixed plastic waste can be processed without pre-sorting, making recycling efforts more cost-effective and simpler to implement.

Courtesy: www.scitechdaily.com

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